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Brazil is a country of continental proportions and eye-popping natural beauty.

Nearly a fifth of its vast landmass is protected by conservation areas, including 73 national parks and more than three times as many state parks, not to mention thousands of private nature reserves. Needless to say, this is epic hiking country.

Brazil's conservation areas cover a glorious patchwork of landscapes, crisscrossed by trails that explore mountains, forests, canyons, rivers, waterfalls, savanna and thousands of miles of fantastic beaches. Whatever you choose, the landscape will set the stage for some exhilarating outdoor adventures.

Here's our pick of Brazil's best hikes.

Vista Chinesa hike, Tijuca Forest

Best city hike

1.8 miles one way, 2 hours, moderate

Deep green swaths of woodland cling to the dramatic topography around Rio de Janeiro. Roam out from the Cidade Maravilhosa and you'll find tree-covered hills jutting skyward, including famous Corcovado, the rocky perch upon which the statue of Christ the Redeemer stands.

The surrounding Tijuca Forest has trails for all levels of fitness and courage, from scaling Corcovado and the nerve-wracking ascent of the outcrop known as Pedra da G谩vea ("Rock of the Topsail") to the hike up 3320ft Pico da Tijuca, the highest point in the forest. An easier but equally rewarding ramble starts in the little-known Parque da Cidade in G谩vea and winds its way through the forest, emerging at Vista Chinesa, a lovely lookout point with a panoramic sea view.

Gruta do Janel茫o trail, Parque Nacional Perua莽u

Best off-the-beaten-track hike

2.9 miles round trip, 5.5 hours, moderate

Virtually unknown except to the most intrepid of travelers, Parque Nacional Perua莽u only opened to visitors in 2014, 15 years after the park was established. The 216 sq mile reserve is brimming with natural and manmade wonders, and a staggering 140 caves and 80 archeological sites can be explored on the park鈥檚 seven trails. The Gruta do Janel茫o (鈥淏ig Window Cave鈥) trail is the most spectacular route, taking in 9000-year-old rock paintings, crossing the shallow Perua莽u river twice, and weaving in and out of dramatic caverns.

The largest cave soars to 328ft 鈥 higher than the Statue of Liberty 鈥 and the roof is hung with the biggest stalactite in the world, the 92ft Perna da Bailarina (鈥淏allerina鈥檚 Leg鈥). Shafts of natural light beam down, filling the cave鈥檚 interior with striking hues of blue and green, a far cry from the dark and dingy interior of most caves. Visitors can enter the park only with a local guide, who will arrange an (make arrangements at least 3 days in advance).

Trilha do Boi, Parque Nacional de Aparados da Serra

Best hike for the physical challenge

8.6 miles round trip, 7 hours, difficult

Straddling the border of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina states in southern Brazil, the 39.5 sq mile Parque Nacional de Aparados da Serra is home to Brazil鈥檚 largest canyon, Itaimbezinho. Sheer escarpments flank the 19,028ft-long canyon, reaching 2362ft at their highest point, providing thrilling terrain for hikers.

Of the park鈥檚 three trails, the Trilha do Boi is the most challenging, following the river along the base of the canyon, clambering over boulders and crossing the river at regular intervals (be prepared to get wet and pack accordingly). The other trails are shorter and easier, following the top of the canyon with views of waterfalls tumbling down into the depths. One administrative consideration: walking the Trilha do Boi trail must be booked with a local guide or accredited agency.

Young woman meditating on a mountain top near Rio de Janeiro
The hills around Rio de Janeiro offer a calm escape from the city crush 漏 Ingo Roesler / Getty Images

Vale do Pati, Chapada Diamantina

Best hike for a digital detox

37.5 miles one way, 7 days, moderate

The Chapada Diamantina is one of Brazil鈥檚 three chapadas, high plateaus in the country鈥檚 interior. Spread across 587 sq miles of national park, the Chapada Diamantina is the sort of place that even local hikers never tire of, returning time and again to explore its different trails. The Vale do Pati region is especially beautiful, with deep valleys carved between flat-topped mountains.

Day hikes can be arranged to swim in waterfalls that thunder down nearly 1000ft, but to properly do the region justice, opt for a weeklong trek along river beds and through forests and fields of wildflowers. Be warned that there is no phone signal along the way, but this hike isn鈥檛 without creature comforts 鈥 around a dozen families live in Vale do Pati and host hikers for overnight stays and feasts of freshly grown food.

Monte Roraima

Best hike for bragging rights

53 miles round trip, 6 days, difficult

A 1312ft vertical cliff face separates the sweeping Amazonian savanna from the lunar plateau of Monte Roraima, the table-top mountain that inspired Sir Arthur Conan Doyle鈥檚 classic sci-fi novel, The Lost World. A three-day hike across the savanna followed by a half-day scramble to the top will transport adventurers to a unique ecosystem that has evolved in almost total isolation from the surrounding country.

Valleys of crystals, teetering rock columns, carnivorous pitcher plants and frogs found nowhere else on earth make for some fascinating exploring. When the veil of cloud lifts, views of Guyana, Brazil and Venezuela are revealed: the mountain straddles the point where the three countries come together. This hike starts in Venezuela and must be arranged with a local tour company: on the Brazilian side is reliable, and the best operator on the Venezuelan side is .

Portais de H茅rcules, Parque Nacional Serra dos 脫rg茫os

Best hike for mountain scenery

12.5 miles round trip, 2 days, difficult

Known as Hercules鈥 Portals, this trail in Parque Nacional Serra dos 脫rg茫os is named for the bearded face of Hercules that can be spotted on a cliff along its route, rather than the Herculean effort it involves. Unless, that is, you try to hike it in one day; mere mortals usually opt for two days and camp overnight. The highlight of the trek is a lookout point with a 360-degree view of the Serra dos 脫rg茫os, a stunning mountain range and one of Brazil鈥檚 oldest national parks, just a couple of hours鈥 drive from Rio de Janeiro.

A more challenging hike is the three-day, 26-mile trail right across the park from Petr贸polis to Teres贸polis. Recover from the expedition with a day or two in calm Petr贸polis, a quaint town that was once the summer retreat for the imperial family. Book entry to the park in advance via the .

A man photographs the Atlantic forest near Rio de Janeiro
Pausing to photograph the Atlantic forest near Rio de Janeiro 漏 Getty Images / Cavan Images RF

Casa de Pedra trail, Parque Estadual do Alto do Ribeira (PETAR)

Best hike for exploring caves

6 miles round trip, 4 hours, easy

Parque Estadual do Alto do Ribeira (PETAR) is often described as the "cave capital of Brazil" and it contains more than 400 cataloged caves, including the Gruta Casa de Pedra (House of Stone Cave), which has one of the largest cave entrances in the world, soaring up to 708ft. The Casa de Pedra trail involves a round-trip hike to the cave entrance through the Atlantic Forest, one of the richest and most threatened biomes in the world.

As you trek, look out for native hardwoods like brazilwood and rosewood towering majestically above the forest canopy. Shorter hikes head inside the caves 鈥 the atmospheric Santana cave is full of 鈥渃urtains,鈥 wavy sheets of hanging calcite. Some of the trails require advance booking via a local tour operator.

Sensorial Trail, Parque Ecol贸gico Imigrantes

Best accessible hike

650 feet round trip, 1 hour, easy

Just an hour鈥檚 drive from S茫o Paulo, the is a 193 sq mile nature reserve in the Atlantic Forest that opened in 2018. Geared toward visits by schools and urbanites (getting your shoes muddy is optional), the hiking trails here range from short 15-minute jaunts to 2陆-hour treks and need to be booked weeks in advance.

A quarter-mile of elevated walkways made from recycled materials rise up to the level of the tree canopy, creating an unusual sensation of floating through the treetops. The Sensorial Trail is a modest 650ft in length, but it's fully accessible for people in wheelchairs, with signs in braille. Book access in advance .

Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro

Best island hike

51 miles, 7 days, moderate

It鈥檚 hard to imagine that the palm-lined beaches and virgin forest of this tropical island were once home to both a leper colony and a top-security prison. These days, Ilha Grande is frequented by holidaymakers and backpackers, with state parkland protecting a network of trails that are never more than a stone鈥檚 throw from the ocean.

A full hike around the island can take up to seven days, following beaches and winding through the forest, though there are plenty of shorter options, too. Highlights along the way include a dip in the Feiticeira waterfall and the late 19th-century Lazareto Aqueduct, a colonial relic slowly being consumed by the forest.

Man walking in the Brazilian rainforest
Hikes in Brazil cross canyons, mountains, rainforests and beaches 漏 Getty Images / iStockphoto

Pedra do Ba煤, Serra da Mantiqueira

Best hike for thrill-seekers

2.5 miles round trip, 2 hours, difficult

The noise and rush of S茫o Paulo, South America鈥檚 largest city, sends its residents scrambling for the mountains at weekends to get away from it all. The Mantiqueira Mountains are one of many popular destinations for this weekly exodus. Stretching for nearly 200 miles, the range is punctuated by granite peaks that draw adventurous climbers like bees to a honey pot.

The Pedra do Ba煤 rock stands out for its high-adrenaline ascent, a 985ft climb up a via ferrata route comprised of 600 metal rungs drilled into the vertical rock face. Arrange your visit and head to or for your equipment: safety harnesses are a must. The view from the top is ample reward, with valleys sweeping away below on all sides.

Vale da Lua Trail, Goi谩s

Best hike for UFO spotters

0.7 miles round trip, 1 hour, difficult

There鈥檚 something special about this highland region of Brazil鈥檚 middle west, which has attracted all manner of mystics, esoteric religions and even UFO spotters. Some attribute the region鈥檚 mysterious energy to its bedrock of quartzite; the mineral was certainly a factor in sculpting the otherworldly landscape at the Vale da Lua (Moon Valley) trail, where striking rock formations and tunnels have been carved over millions of years by the S茫o Miguel River.

The trail through the valley is just over half a mile long, but it involves clambering over rocks en route. A refreshing dip in a natural pool waits at the end of the hike. The trail is six miles from S茫o Jorge, a small town at the entrance to the Chapada dos Veadeiros, 251 sq miles of pristine national park in Brazil鈥檚 Cerrado biome. Access to the trail costs R$20.

Pico da Bandeira, Serra da Capara贸

Best hike to watch the sunrise

6.2 miles round trip, 7 hours, moderate

The small coastal state of Espirito Santo is often overlooked by visitors to Brazil, sandwiched between attention-grabbing neighbors Bahia and Rio de Janeiro. What the state lacks in size it more than makes up for in natural beauty, especially in the Capara贸 Mountains.

The highest point in the range is the Pico da Bandeira, the third highest mountain in Brazil, which can be reached in time for sunrise thanks to campsites in the surrounding national park. Early risers break camp at 2am to make the final ascent before dawn breaks over a sea of clouds. Entrance to the park must be (using a form in Portuguese).

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